📋 Tender Overview
Geographically, Indonesia is located at the intersection of four major tectonic plates, namely the Eurasian Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Philippine Plate. This position makes Indonesia very vulnerable to geological activities such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides and tsunamis. In a year, more than 800 landslides are recorded in Indonesia.
"Indonesia's complex geographical position and geological activity have an impact on the vastness of disaster-prone areas (KRB) covering 195.9 million people. Based on the updated map of the Landslide Vulnerability Zone (ZKGT), there are 40.9 million people affected. This requires mitigation and preparedness from all parties with the current rainy season," said the Head of the Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation (PVMBG) of the Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), P. Hadi Wijaya, Saturday (5/10).
Geological disaster mitigation, Hadi continued, can be carried out in various ways, including by providing education and public awareness (campaigns and training), building disaster-resistant infrastructure, disaster risk management and early warning. "Through a structured and holistic approach, Indonesia can better anticipate and face the challenges of geological disasters, thereby reducing losses and protecting communities," Hadi continued.
Indonesia's location between four major tectonic plates has resulted in the presence of 127 active volcanoes, with 69 of them being fully monitored 24 hours a day by the Geological Agency of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources through PVMBG. This is the largest number in the world, and again we get a 'gold medal' for this," said Supartoyo, PVMBG's Principal Earth Investigator in his scientific oration as a guest lecturer at the Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS) on the same day.
Supartoyo also explained that from 2000 to 2024, Indonesia recorded around 12-15% of the total earthquake events in the world. "Earthquakes in Indonesia contributed around 12 to 15% of all earthquake events in the world. During that period, Indonesia experienced between 5 and 29 destructive earthquake events each year. Damaging earthquakes are earthquakes that result in loss of life, environmental damage, and surface geological damage," he added.
In addition to earthquakes, Indonesia has also experienced 18 tsunamis in the last 29 years. Meanwhile, landslides that occur in Indonesia reach more than 800 events each year, mostly triggered by high rainfall, slope gradients, and lithology of rock units, although some are also caused by earthquakes.
"We have a history of tsunamis with significant inundation heights, such as those that occurred in Aceh. Interestingly, the source of tsunamis in Indonesia does not only come from the megathrust zone, but also from other non-tectonic zones such as volcanic eruptions. Meanwhile, landslides in Indonesia reach more than 800 a year, a very extraordinary number," said Supartoyo.
Being located in a tectonic active zone does increase the risk of geological disasters, but it also provides the advantage of abundant natural resource wealth. Therefore, the balance between natural resource utilization and disaster risk management is very important for Indonesia.
