📋 Tender Overview
Scope :
The program represents a fundamental paradigm shift in applying a transformative model to promote green territorial development and urban-rural linkages, whereby livable human settlements - aimag (province) and soum (subunit of an aimag) centers - become anchors of green agribusinesses that promote sustainable, resilient, and high-carbon sequestration rangeland management. initially focusing on mongolias western aimags, the program will promote climate finance and private sector investment mechanisms that can be replicated countrywide.
In 1990, upon disengaging from the soviet union, mongolia entered a transitional period. aimag and soum centers were unable to play their role as anchors of economic activities. the quality of animal products and livestock value chains, which began to rely on quantity with low price differentiation and incentives for quality, deteriorated. herders started to migrate to urban areas in response to (i) the low value of livestock; (ii) higher exposure of their animals to disease because of poor livestock breeding, feed supply, and veterinary services; and (iii) massive losses of livestock caused by dzud (succession of droughts and severe winters), especially during 2000-2001 and in 2010. many rural households settled on the outskirts of ulaanbaatar and in aimag centers, overwhelming the capacity of cities to absorb them, and formed vast settlements, known as ger areas, which account for about 60% of ulaanbaatars population and more than 70% of the population of aimag centers. in 2021, the urbanization ratio in mongolia represented about 69.4% of the countrys 3.4 million population. this caused urban systems, already exceeding their planned service life, to further deteriorate and become undersized to meet existing and future needs for mongolias growing urban population. with 1.6 million population, ulaanbaatar accounts for 69% of the urban population, and 63% of gross domestic product. the demographic and economic weight of the capital city illustrates the countrys drastic territorial imbalance.
the combination of herders expanding herd size to compensate for anticipated livestock losses (especially from dzud), open access to pasture, unbalanced herd composition (with a high proportion of goats), and poor rangeland management practices has put mongolias rangelands under severe threat. overgrazing is on average 22.6% above the rangeland carrying capacity, as a result, about 70% of pastoral land has been degraded. the situation has impacted livestock productivity and made herds more vulnerable to climate events and disease, resulting in deteriorating quality of meat, wool, and other livestock products and lower incomes for herders, who compensate by further increasing herd sizes. this vicious cycle has led to uncontrolled and exponential increases of livestock heads. while livestock numbers ranged from 20 million to 25 million heads during 1970-1990, it has reached 66.5 million in 2018 and 71.1 million in 202
